Introduction
Fact and Figures on the telecom industry in India
Some Key Trends
TREND #1: The domestic telecom industry is witnessing very high growth rates and is targeting more than doubling of subscriber levels by 2007. This implies large investments by domestic as well as global telecom giants. India is increasingly becoming a destination for outsourcing of manufacturing and R&D of telecom equipment.
TREND #2: The next logical step in the evolution of mobile technology is the provision of rich multimedia services. This means service providers will increasingly provide data services, video/music on demand etc. on the cellphone. This would be enabled by the rollout of UMTS (3G) shortly which would mean a spurt in requirement of Mobile content.
TREND #3: Increasing unbundling/flexibility of switching systems with Hardware, Middleware and Software unbundled and sourced from multiple vendors. This has led to increasing convergence of IT and telecom technologies and greater outsourcing of services to IT vendors.
TREND #4: Growth in the use of Voice Over IP globally and its expected introduction in India. The growth of VoIP has led to the development of software for VoIP applications and software that provides value added services based on VoIP.
TREND #5: Increased usage of the internet is fueling the growth of Broadband in India.
TREND #6: Emergence of WiMax in India could offer a fast and affordable solution to India’s widespread internet access needs in future.
TREND #7: Increase in IT usage by Telecom Equipment Companies as well as Telecom Service Providers both in India and Globally leading to greater outsourcing of business to IT companies in India.
Job Trends.
Introduction
Welcome to the Wire free world proclaims an ad by a cellular operator in Mumbai. Sitting in a Barista outlet with a steaming cup of Mocha beside me, browsing the net on a laptop for resources for this article over a WiFi connection I can certainly appreciate the benefits offered by wireless Telecom technology. We’ve certainly come a long way haven’t we? From the ubiquitous huge black telephone sitting on the table until quite recently to the tiny Nokia 6610i snuggled in the deep recesses of my trouser pocket and from the iffy temperamental dial up internet service to this comfortable “click-and-you-are-there" internet broadband service, I can safely say that we have!
The advances have been coming thick and fast. The question we need to ask is, where is this trend taking us. Worldwide we seem to be moving towards a convergence of technologies and telecom is the backbone of this body of convergence. It makes sense to distill the telecom sector into its constituents, which will help us in analyzing the various trends. Here is an attempt towards that.
Telecommunications is a mammoth industry, comprising companies that make hardware, produce software, and provide services.
Hardware: Hardware includes a vast range of products that enable communication across the entire planet, from video broadcasting satellites to telephone handsets to fiber-optic transmission cables.
Software: Software makes it all work, from sending and receiving e-mail to relaying satellite data to controlling telephone switching equipment to reducing background noise on your cell phone call.
Services: Services include running the switches that control the phone system, making access to the Internet available, and configuring private networks by which international corporations conduct business.
(Source:
http://www.wetfeet.com/Content/Industries/Telecommunications.aspx)
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Fact and Figures on the telecom industry in India:
India is one of the fastest growing markets for telecommunications products and services in the world. Driven mainly by mobile telephone technology, India is the highest growth market for telecommunications in the Asia Pacific region. The total number of phone users in India have recently crossed the 100 million mark. The number stood at 112.49 million at the end of September, with 67.95 million mobile and 48.17 million fixed line subscribers, according to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. In the month of October 2005, 3.24 million subscribers were added as compared to 2.87 million subscribers in September, 2005. Out of this 2.9 million subscribers were added in the mobile segment, and 0.34 million in the fixed segment. The GSM subscriber base rose by 2.11 million subscribers in October, which is the highest increase in terms of absolute numbers ever since mobile services were introduced.
The overall teledensity (phones per 100 persons), which is interlinked with the level of development, at the end of October 2005 has reached 10.66%. There is however a large differential between rural (1.94%) and urban tele-density (31.1%) which is not sustainable. TRAI has recognized that sizable growth in the Indian telecom sector will not be possible without a focus on rural areas. The Hon’ble Minister of Communications & IT has set a target of 250 million subscribers and a teledensity of 22% by 2007. On current projections, in two years, India will account for a tenth of the annual world mobile equipment market (placed at some $50 billion).
At the end of August 2005, total Broadband connections in the country have crossed 6.9 lakhs. The Telecom vertical accounts is one of the largest verticals for Indian IT companies and accounts for around 13% of their export revenues.
Some Key Trends:
This article attempts to look at some key emerging trends in the domestic and global telecom industry with a view to understanding opportunities and career prospects for people associated with this industry in India
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TREND #1: The domestic telecom industry is witnessing very high growth rates and is targeting more than doubling of subscriber levels by 2007. This implies large investments by domestic as well as global telecom giants. India is increasingly becoming a destination for outsourcing of manufacturing and R&D of telecom equipment.
Already among the top 5 markets in the world, India is set to reach the top three in the next few years. The H’able Minister of communication and information technology Dayanidhi Maran has targeted that there should be 250 million phone subscribers by the year 2007, from a level of around 112 million now. To sustain this growth the rapid expansion of Mobile networks will be essential. Keeping this in mind many global telecom hardware manufacturers have set up R&D and Manufacturing units in India in the recent few years.
Nokia will be manufacturing base-station controllers in India. The base-station controllers will be made at a manufacturing facility in Chennai where the company is planning to make mobile devices. Nokia's operations in India now include three R&D facilities and an manufacturing facility in Chennai that will produce both terminals and GSM infrastructure equipment. Samsung India Software Operations (SISO) is charting out major growth plans in the country, with its current focus being in the 4G, Multimedia, Protocol Development, User Interface areas. SISO has already applied for 145 patents based on the software development carried out here in India.
(Source:
http://www.samsung.com/in/aboutsamsung/samsungindia/rd.htm)
Motorola is setting up its applied research lab in India, with plans to invest $17 million a year in its Indian R&D activity over the next few years. Motorola expects India to grow as a strategic R&D hub for engineering and product development. It also plans to set up a manufacturing base in India for its C115 handset which will be a first for Motorola. Alcatel, the French Telecom giant has committed to investing Euro 500 million ($ 600 million) in a development center in Chennai. A 750-member team is already at work in the new facility on the latest technologies. High-speed WiMAX wireless technology will be the main focus of their R&D work, in collaboration with CDOT (Centre for Development of Telematics), an organization set up two decades ago by the Indian government to develop telecommunications and networking equipment. LG Electronics India has announced plans to put up a GSM handset manufacturing plant in Ranjangaon near Pune as part of plans to produce 20 million GSM handsets by 2010. The facility is part of LG's plans to make India its global export hub. Ericsson India, has just set up a plant in Jaipur to make base station controllers and switching systems.
Cisco too is bullish on India and wants to increase the use of Indian expertise for research and development. President and CEO John Chambers said the company would invest US$50 million to set up a second research and development center in Bangalore, India's technology hub, and triple its workforce here to more than 4,000 by 2008. He said this would mean more engineers are hired in India than in the U.S. over the next three years. Cisco currently employs 1,400 engineers at its existing center in Bangalore. Nortel meanwhile has invested $10 million in Sasken for a 14.34 per cent stake in the telecom software maker's fully diluted equity. Sasken planned to use the investment to fuel its growth through acquisitions, the firm said in a release. Sasken, which offered telecom R&D outsourcing services, had worked with Nortel since 1991. It now worked on supporting Nortel’s GSM digital wireless and enterprise communications solutions, it had said.
The Wireless connections Vs the Fixed line connections statistic is heavily skewed towards the wireless side in the recent few years the reason being the infrastructure was lagging behind. Companies like BSNL are now picking up the pace in setting up increasingly more Fixed line connections, touting services like Internet connections and TV through telephone lines apart from telephony applications over the same old telephone lines. The “Last Mile" issue comes in the way of increasing the teledensity. Specifically the issue seems to be that the capital needed to implement the last mile –which is the distance from the service providers’ junction box on the street to the individual subscribers home. This is one of the reasons that technologies such as fixed wireless phones have done so well. In fact in most developing countries like India, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, etc a wireless solution is the cheapest available. This also means that these countries would have the latest telecom infrastructure owing to its late entry into the market. The manufacture and sale of such devices is also a major growth area, as more and more areas of the country get connected via, what is called Fixed wireless, the demand for such hardware would also be proportionally large. The benefit that such terminals offer over the conventional fixed line phones is that they come pre enabled with Voice plus Data services, so in case someone has a Fixed wireless phone in a rural area and a computer, connecting to the internet would be a cinch.
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TREND #2: The next logical step in the evolution of mobile technology is the provision of rich multimedia services. This means service providers will increasingly provide data services, video/music on demand etc. on the cellphone. This would be enabled by the rollout of UMTS (3G) shortly which would mean a spurt in requirement of Mobile content.
Dayanidhi Maran, India’s telecom minister was on TV the other day and was fielding questions from reporters about the imminent deployment of 3G services in India. The rollout of 3G or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is going to be a reality soon with the government finalizing just the formalities. UMTS would provide rich multimedia services with the added benefit of mobility, taking your office or entertainment with you while on the move. Services like Video calling, streaming audio and video directly to your handset and even TV reception. Apart from this surfing the net would get new meaning with the high data access speeds available with 3G.
Though certain questions still remain like the fact that the technology in still evolving, the current high cost of 3G handsets and the cost of the service itself, all of this will not matter because the rollout and widespread adoption of this technology looks like a certainty. In any case it is the next logical step in the evolution of mobile technology. At the India 3G summit held in Delhi in May 2005, Mr. Akhil Gupta, Joint MD of Bharti Tele-ventures said that Bharti, the largest private sector telco in India with more than 11 million mobile subscribers, will invest at least $1 billion for offering 3G services. (Source:
http://www.contentsutra.com/blog/_archives/2005/5/2/643087.html)
What can this technology do for us. It is widely noted that 3G’s big USP is the rich content that it allows us to access, viewing that kind of content on the current generation phones is virtually impossible because of the low data bandwidths available, but with 3G there are no such issues. Being so content heavy, there should be content to access right? So who makes the content? Where are the feature rich multiplayer games, the location specific data, the maps and GPS enabled global positioning systems? Well that’s where the opportunity lies, creation of content. There are several companies already that provide content and services for 3G providers in Europe and Japan. With the launch of 3G in India there is expected to be a boom in the mobile content creation space. This is a definite growth area. Speaking at the India 3G Summit Hemant sachdeva, Corporate director of Bharti Televantures emphasized on the Creation and customization of personalized content. Apart from location dependant services and easy to use multimedia services. Personalized content will become a huge driver to take 3G to next level, he said.
Indiagames is one such comapny, it is one of the leading global mobile content publishers engaged in publishing and developing games across various platforms like internet, PC, broadband, mobile phones, PDAs, handheld gaming devices and consoles. Indiagames has its distribution partnerships across the globe with major mobile operators like Vodafone, O2, T-Mobile, Orange, Verizon, Sprint, Singtel, Globe, Airtel, Tata Indicom, Alltel, Midwest Wireless, China Mobile , Optus, China Unicom, Hutch, Amena, Telefonica and Cingular-AT&T, to name a few. Mauj is another Telecom solutions company offering services in 3 areas, Mobile content and applications, Mobile Software and services and Mobile media solutions.
(Source:
http://www.indiagames.com/,
http://www.mauj.com/
)
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TREND #3: Increasing unbundling/flexibility of switching systems with Hardware, Middleware and Software unbundled and sourced from multiple vendors. This has led to increasing convergence of IT and telecom technologies and greater outsourcing of services to IT vendors.
In a drive to reduce equipment costs and speed the development of new services, telecommunications carriers are accelerating their transition toward open, non-proprietary platforms for computing and telecom switching. "One of the most important industry trends today is the unbundling of telecom switching hardware from software," said Dr. Deb K. Guha, Chief Executive Officer of Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium (TINA-C). Formed in 1992, TINA-C is an association of more than 40 of the world’s largest telecom network providers, telecom equipment suppliers, and computing vendors. In the past, when telecom carriers bought switches to run their network, they had no choice but to buy a combined package from a single equipment supplier. But traditional switching software are primitive compared to what’s possible with open systems. The industry is looking to open systems for building more flexible and re-usable infrastructure and to solve the incompatibility issues between switching systems.
The convergence of IT and telecom technologies will create a more flexible architecture through which carriers can add new services and features not possible previously. Competition is driving carriers to offer customers a greater choice of services, including web integration, online billing, and more. Software is key to these services. (Source: http://www.tinac.com/press/omg-tina.htm). IT Companies in India like Sasken (http://www.sasken.com/), Mindtree (http://www.mindtree.com ) etc. are doing a good amount of work in this area.
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TREND #4: Growth in the use of Voice Over IP globally and its expected introduction in India. The growth of VoIP has led to the development of software for VoIP applications and software that provides value added services based on VoIP.
Voice over IP (also called VoIP, IP Telephony, Internet telephony, and Digital Phone) is the routing of voice conversations over the Internet or any other IP-based network. The voice data flows over a general-purpose packet-switched network, instead of traditional dedicated, circuit-switched voice transmission lines. Protocols used to carry voice signals over the IP network are commonly referred to as Voice over IP or VoIP protocols. Voice over IP traffic may be deployed on any IP network, including ones lacking a connection to the rest of the Internet, for instance on a private building-wide LAN.
VOiP is currently highly regulated in India. The government is now discussing on how to legalise legibly so that there will be minimal loss for the telecom companies. The proposed ideas are that the Telecom Companies should themselves provide VOiP solution on a large scale.
In general, phone service via VoIP costs less than equivalent service from traditional sources. Some cost savings are due to using a single network to carry voice and data, especially where users have existing under-utilized network capacity they can use for VoIP at no additional cost. One must note that the service is not as good as standard telco services. VoIP phone calls (even international) are widely regarded as free. While there is a cost for their Internet service, using VoIP over this service usually does not involve any extra charges, so the users view the calls as free. There are a number of services that have sprung up to facilitate this type of "free" VoIP call.
The technology that is used in VoIP is being improved everyday and the calls via VoIP are increasingly getting better in quality. One of the services that offer VoIP and is growing in popularity is Skype. It is a simple software, which once downloaded enables calls to be made from a PC that has Internet connectivity. Also available are phones that work with the VoIP network.
The main reason that VoIP is so exciting to corporate customers is that they would no longer have to invest in two separate infrastructures, one for Data and one for Voice, since voice calls could also be made via the Data network. Almost all of the multinational companies already have LAN networks that transport their companies data to and fro from their various offices worldwide they could use VoIP, the savings on the phone bills can only be imagined.
Another innovation that is gaining popularity due to the increased deployment of wireless services like Wi-Fi and Wi-Max are mobile phones that use VoIP to make voice calls but work accessing an internet connection wirelessly. These kind of phones are already available in developed markets like the US, Europe and Japan.
All of the above, of course, is subject to when the Indian government de-regularizes the use of VoIP. TRAI has been making positive noises about the introduction of VoIP in India and we hope to hear from them soon.
Software for VoIP: Even though VoIP is new to India it is going great guns in over 200 countries worldwide. There are several companies providing VoIP services to customers abroad. Value Added Services is the key to market survival for well, any service provider. This fact has recently been discovered by VoIP vendors as well.
As companies selling VoIP services increasingly looks towards attracting more customers by offering value added services there is also a need to develop such value added services for the VoIP platform, this is one of the identifiable growth areas for the future as being a driver for development. Such development work, in variably gets done right here in India by companies such as TCS, Wipro, Infosys, Satyam, Sasken etc.
TCS for example delivered a VoIP solution to a client with simple value added services like Call waiting, call forwarding, call barring, the ability to roam etc. while some of the companies are also offering other value Added Services such as live commentary of sports events or the broadcast of a companies chairman’s address to his employees etc. VoIP service providers are ready to implement such features in its Value Added Services portfolio to differentiate themselves from their competitiors.
Companies developing such software applications will witness a rise as VoIP gets de-regularized in India and more and more players rush to implement these solutions. Given the cost benefits that VoIP offers compared to the regular PSTN networks and the fact that organizations will benefit from the single architecture for both data and voice services is sure to make it a big draw in time to come. Software players looking to get into this area as also software professionals that are in this sector can expect to see a much better time in the future and Indian software companies like TCS, Wipro, Infosys etc are already delivering VoIP solutions to clients Worldwide.
This has all the makings of a big growth area in the not too distant future.
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TREND #5: Increased usage of the internet is fueling the growth of Broadband in India.
Apart from telephony the Broadband connections market is also about to experience a boom thanks to the deregulation of the Indian telecom sector by the government. This is leading to vast investments in Internet Infrastructure. Not only in the industries sector but also in homes, only 690,000 homes are connected via broadband in India, vs. 30 million in China. India's Ministry of Communications & Information Technology hopes to reach 12 million by 2010. Because much of India still lacks phone lines, carriers are installing higher-capacity Ethernet cables all the way to homes.
TREND #6: Emergence of WiMax in India could offer a fast and affordable solution to India’s widespread internet access needs in future.
The Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access or WiMAX is a last-mile wireless
technology that can deliver broadband Internet services and Internet telephony to customer
homes in urban and rural India. India lacks a comprehensive wired infrastructure and
affordable broadband technologies. The capital needed to deploy traditional 'last mile' connectivity solutions throughout the country is prohibitive. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) believes broadband access can help businesses, education, healthcare and government, create jobs and increase the GDP. WiMAX, a new wireless technology, promises to offer a fast and affordable solution to India's widespread internet access needs. The technology supports both high-quality voice and broadband data services at a fraction of the infrastructure cost of equivalent wireline solutions. India might be one of the fastest growing markets for telecommunications products and services in the world. However, tele-density and access to broadband is low.
There are initial indications of the growth of wireless networking in India with enterprises looking at technologies such as Wi-fi. Parag Arora, Business Development Manager, Cisco Systems India & SAARC says, “Wi-Fi is increasingly gaining acceptance in the market. In the past 24 months we have observed broad-based adoption of the technology." The company’s wireless revenues are growing by 60 percent year-on-year (YOY). Wi-Fi and WiMAX are part of the same underlying technology, but have different applications. Wi-Fi provides seamless access within a small radius such as campus or airport lounge, whereas once WiMAX hits the market it will provide enterprises the ability to connect at speeds as high as 70 Mbps over a range of up to 30 miles.
WiMax has the potential to do to Indian Broadband users figures what the introduction of mobile phones did to Indian tele-density. WiMAX, the new technology for broadband data access designed to expand the wireless coverage to large areas without any wires, could enable users to have broadband access across an entire city, without wires, in the office or on the move. WiMAX could turn out to be a heaven-sent business opportunity for telecom companies that do not have an extensive underground network of copper wires. These companies are burrowing under city streets to lay fibre optic cable, but face a problem reaching every customer's home.
No wonder then that in India everyone from Alcatel to Nortel and Cisco are investing top dollar in WiMax research in India. Alcatel has signed an MoU with C-DOT to manufacture broadband products based on WiMAX technology. Industry leaders feel that WiMAX could be a cheaper option for rolling out data connectivity in the rural areas as the deployment of fixed lines in rural areas is a costly exercise. Besides, maintenance of fixed lines in remote areas is also not easy. The advantage of WiMAX compared with other wireless technologies like GSM and Wi-Fi is the higher bandwidth that can pump data with rich content in the rural areas.
(Source: http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=101501)
On the flip side however industry analysts and business executives gathered at the ongoing WiMax World Conference & Exposition 2005 at Boston on 27th Oct, agreed that there is still much development and experimentation needed to translate the wireless connectivity platform into a marketable and profitable service. Despite questions about what kinds of standards and applications are needed to help push WiMax into the mainstream, experts seemed encouraged that the nascent technology is maturing at a breakneck pace. Among the biggest challenges those firms face, will be uniting the many different standards that oversee wireless broadband around the world, and finding the right opportunities to aim the technology at business and consumer markets.
Many of the world's largest telecommunications companies are betting that WiMax holds the potential to combine the benefits of DSL, 3G and Wi-Fi networking technologies into one platform, and push broadband access into new regions and devices.
(Source:
Source: http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,1878595,00.asp)
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TREND #7: Increase in IT usage by Telecom Equipment Companies as well as Telecom Service Providers both in India and Globally leading to greater outsourcing of business to IT companies in India.
There has been a large and increased usage of IT services by Telecom Equipment Companies as well as Telecom Service Providers globally. In fact the Telecom vertical accounts for around 13% of total revenues earned by Indian IT companies through exports, which is the 2nd largest after the Banking and Finance vertical.
Even in the domestic IT market Telecom has been one of the major contributors for the last few years. At Rs 4,339 crore, it was the second largest vertical in this market. Its significant position can be ascribed primarily to three factors-the fast pace at which the government deregulated the telecom sector, the advent of the unification regime, and, most importantly, the stupendous growth in subscriber base that every service provider witnessed.
All these factors led to the rapid rollout of wireless networking across the country, generating tremendous demand for telecom software across the physical layer, from switches to the enterprise level. Even on the hardware front, the growth was phenomenal, especially since every kind of telecom equipment requires IT support at the backend for its smooth functioning.
With more and more service providers entering the market and rapidly expanding their services, the demand for Operations Support Systems (OSS)/ Business Support Systems (BSS) and network management tools has grown exponentially. To sustain themselves in this highly competitive market, service providers had to invest in infrastructure, improve quality of service, network efficiency and billing solutions. And these were precisely the factors driving the adoption of IT in the domestic market. Billing has remained the single largest component, though revenue assurance is also gaining in importance. The other important growth area, with cases of unpaid dues increasing, is fraud management.
In addition to managing a growing customer base, with increasing competition amongst service providers the operators have to deal with issues of customer churn. One key deterrent to churn is effective customer service, for which it is necessary to have solutions in place for registering customer data, studying and analyzing behavior and spending patterns to predict the propensity to churn, which will enable the providers to effectively address issues and increase customer loyalty and retention. Most telecom service providers are recognizing Customer Centric Applications like Business Intelligence (BI) tools and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tools as a strategic IT investment.
Another catalyst driving IT usage in this sector was the growing realization amongst service providers about the need to provide data services. Eventually data ARPU (Average Realization per Unit) would leave behind a dwindling voice ARPU, and for the development and maintenance of different data applications, the increasing adoption of IT is inevitable.
Managed network services as part of overall network integration is another growth area in telecom.
Some of the important components of IT usage are:
- Operations Support Systems (OSS)
- Business Support Systems (BSS)
- Billing solutions,
- Revenue Assurance Solutions
- Fraud Management Solutions
- Wireless/Wireline Network Management,
- Business Intelligence/Analytics Tools
- CRM Tools
- Enterprise Management solutions
- Mobile Data Applications
- Network Storage (SAN) Solutions
- Managed Network Services
- Embedded Solutions,
- Switching Systems
- Equipment Testing,
- Strategic Product Engineering for Telecom product companies
- Protocol Stacks, etc.
(Source: Source: http://www.dqindia.com/dqtop20/2004/artdisp.asp?artid=60677)
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Job Trends
Its promising times for people associated with the telecom industry with very buoyant growth expected in the telecom job market as well as in IT companies which provide services for the domestic and global telecom industry.
Global giants are heading to India to set up manufacturing and R&D bases. They, as well as domestic service providers, are planning large investments to increase tele-density as well as provide new services. Equipment manufacturers as well as Service providers are increasingly using IT solutions which in-turn
are being outsourced to IT solution providers in India and elsewhere.
In today's ever-changing environment, telecom professionals must be knowledgeable in several emerging areas such as wireless, UMTS and voice over IP. In many instances, next-generation services such as multimedia messaging services and online gaming are boosting carrier revenue more than traditional services are. With the service providers providing multimedia rich services, there is likely to be a spurt in the demand for mobile content.
IT solution providers will continue to hire developers with various skill sets for providing a whole host of solutions to Telecom Equipment as well as Service companies. Developers proficient in C++ with a background in SIP architecture are imperative for the transparent porting of new services over heterogeneous networks. With increasing competition amongst service providers, there is going to be a greater deployment of Business Intelligence and Customer Relationship Management tools.
Positions in marketing and sales will also continue to grow as newer services are provided and the country moves towards meeting the aggressive tele-density targets. There will be the marketing challenge of adding hitherto untapped customer segments as well as increasing the Average Realisation per subscriber.
The sheer size of the global as well as domestic telecom markets, the domestic growth expectations, the new technology challenges as well as the shorter timeframes available to launch new services will mean very promising employment opportunities for people associated with this industry for many years to come.
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Resources:
http://www.trai.gov.in/pr3oct05.htm
http://www.trai.gov.in/pre8sep05.htm
http://www.flonnet.com/fl2223/stories/20051118006312600.htm
http://www.bsnl.in/Telecomguide.asp?intNewsId=56265&strNewsMore=more
http://www.domain-b.com/infotech/itfeature/20050412_wifi.htm
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_48/b3961055.htm
http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/5088.asp
http://www.sasken.com/news/2005/may23_05.htm
http://www.domain-b.com/companies/companies_n/nokia/20050531_controllers.html
http://www.domain-b.com/news_review/200510oct/20051025newsa.html#Erricsson
http://www.w2forum.com/item/india_remain_highest_growth_market_telec
http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/nov/16spec.htm
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